Terpenoids and its Applications

 

Terpenoids:

                 Any of the class of the organic compounds including terpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. They are unsaturated  molecules composed of linked isoprene units, generally having formula (C₅H₈)n.  

Application of terpenoids:

           the applications of the terpenoids in detail are following below;

1. In Medicine:

          A method of medicinal treatment for a medical condition in a mammals, said condition being selected from the group consisting of viral infections, bacterial infection, fungal infection dermatoses indolent neoplasma sunburns burn and swollen joints said method comparising the parental applications to said mammals of a pharmacologically effective amount for treatment of said condition of an ozonide of a terpene in a pharmacologically acceptable carrier.

2. In industry:

            Terpenoids represents the oldest known biomolecules having been recoverd from the sediments as old as 2.5 billion years among plant secondary metabolities are the most abundant and diverse class of natural compounds. They are usually main constituents of essential oils of most plants offering a wide variety of pleasant scents from flowery to fruity to woody or balsamic notes. for the reason terpenoids constituents of  avetry important class of compounds for different foods.

3. In biological avtivity:

           Terpenoids are used as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, antiparasitic , immune-modulatory, and as the skin permeation enhancer.

4. Use as skin permeation enhancer:

           Biologically active terpenoids span various order of magnitude. Most comprehensively studies of which is the effect of terpenes in prevention and treatment of cancer.

           A transport of protein through skin can be facilitated potentially by using terpenes as chemicals enhancer. Therefore this project investigated the effect of terpenes based skin penetration enhancers whichare reported as non-toxic to the skin pharmaceutically.

5. Application of terpene:

         Terpenes are the largest group of the natural compounds. Many terpenoids have biological activities and are used for the treatment of human diseases. The worldwide sales of terpenes based pharmaceuticals in 2002 were approximately 12 billion amount these pharmaceutical the anti-cancer drug taxol anti-malarial drug artimesinin are two of the most rerowed terpene-based drug.

6. Society and terpenes:

                 There have been many applications of terpenes in human societies. Pharmaceutical and food industries have exploited them for their potentials and effectiveness as medicines and flavor enhancers. Perhaps the most widely known terpene is rubber, which has been used extensively by humans. Rubber is a polyterpene, composed of  repeating subunits of isoprene. The addition of sulfur to rubber by Charles Goodyear led to vulcanized rubber, which yields various degrees of pliability depending on the mixture ratio (Stiehler and Wakelin, 1947). Other important terpenes include camphor, menthol, pyrethrins(insecticides), cleaners, antiallergenic agents, and solvents. Rosin (a diterpene), limonene, carvone, nepetalactone (in catnip), hecogenin (a detergent), and digitoxigenin are also important terpenes.

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